Minerals

Lithium

A naturally occurring alkali metal and trace element found in rocks, soil, and water. Used therapeutically as lithium carbonate for bipolar disorder and as an OTC supplement (lithium orotate, lithium aspartate) for mood support and neuroprotection. Has a narrow therapeutic index; serum levels above 1.5 mEq/L are toxic.

Mineral or nutrientUpdated Apr 24, 2024

Health score-2.0

-5Poor5

Water guidelines

Legal limit: Not specified
Health guideline: 0.01 mg/L

Food and supplement guidelines

Legal limit: Not specified
Health guideline: Not specified

Risks

Toxicity at high doses (serum >1.5 mEq/L); nephrotoxicity with long-term use; thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism, goiter); neurological side effects (tremor, cognitive impairment, ataxia); cardiac arrhythmias; teratogenic risk; narrow therapeutic window; OTC supplements are unregulated and lack FDA approval for any condition

Benefits

Mood stabilization and prevention of manic/depressive episodes at therapeutic doses; neuroprotective effects including potential protection against Alzheimer's disease; may support cognitive function at low doses; preliminary evidence for aiding alcohol cessation